*Survey on Guidelines for Developing OSIs in Future-Led DRR

It’s recommended that DRR communities promote a common understanding of open science and open science infrastructures, thus contributing to a common consensus on co-developing consolidated research infrastructures to face DRR challenges.

a) Ensure that any DRR governance is based on the open science core values and principles addressed in the Recommendation.

b) Ensure that all phases of disaster management—mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery (Coppola, 2006) — embrace the ethos of open science and actively promote openness and transparency in collecting, analyzing, sharing, and reusing disaster data and research findings by fully leveraging advanced research infrastructures.

c) Insist on the FAIR (Wilkinson et al., 2016), CARE (Carroll et al., 2020), TRUST (Lin et al., 2020), and PROTECT (Zhang et al., 2024) principles in designing and developing research e-infrastructures and resources management in DRR.

d) Encourage multidisciplinary conversations and dialogues among diverse stakeholders, such as policymakers, researchers, academia, industries, and citizens, to foster shared understanding and develop holistic DRR strategies for effective decision-making and action across diverse disaster scenarios.

It’s recommended all DRR stakeholders work together to co-design and co-develop an equal and trustworthy open-science environment with the least necessary policy efforts.

a) Support the realization of open-science governance through DRR strategic planning in policy, laws, regulations, and operational rules at the national, regional, and institutional levels with diversified involvement of potential stakeholders to ensure open science is perceived and integrated into the full processes of DDR management.

b) Develop and adopt interoperable protocols, standards, and integrated technical solutions aligned with research e-infrastructures to ensure resilient DRR management. Such DRR resilience will address appropriate individual rights claims, security protections, and others, reduce DRR costs, and improve effective and efficient DRR governance, particularly to bridge data and ICT gaps in transdisciplinary DRR scenarios.

c) Employ diversified domain and regional DRR demonstrations to showcase best practices, thus ensuring flexible and smart adoption on a case-by-case basis in any real DRR scenario.

To enhance the capabilities of research e-infrastructures in facing DDR in transdisciplinary research, investment should consider the XAAS schema, which provides sufficient support to boost DRR management promptly.

a) Promote the development of science and technology through reliable, scalable, smart research e-infrastructure adoptions to improve country-level competitiveness on a regular basis and enhance their resilience to DRR.

b) Enhance the infrastructure-level capabilities, such as the performance of international internet connections, computing, data storage, and other hardware capabilities, designed and developed in a cloud-based framework to ensure DRR resilience in tackling uncertainties.

c) Encourage citizen science as an important way of preparing for swift and right response during DRR.

d) Launch open science programs in DRR to boost the development of open data and open research e-infrastructure in times of crisis.

a) Enable scientific innovations in information technology under the governance of the DRR;

b) Promote utilizing cutting-edge technologies and get AI out of the box for responsible DDR management.

c) Promote smart adoption of research e-infrastructures to improve stakeholders’ scientific and technological capabilities.

d) Explore infrastructure-level innovations to influence the rise of digital scientific research by managing large numbers of open science resources, developing innovative data analysis tools, and encouraging the effective reuse of relevant resources (EOSC, 2021), such as data, knowledge, algorithms, and facilities, which loop back upon the social organization of science.

a) Enhance digital capacities in research organizations and individuals to ensure their adequate knowledge of using research facilities and platforms, scientific data, literature, journals, and others to acquire enough data and knowledge for appropriate DRR preparedness and response.

b) Cultivate citizen science as practitioners contributing to and benefiting from DDR management.

c) Training in skills to boost science and technology innovation in vulnerable situations.

d) Develop DRR educational programs, tailored training, and syllabi while building and maintaining knowledge databases as multiple choices to equip citizens for DRR knowledge learning.

a) Encourage community engagement, particularly those most affected by disasters, in the co-development of research e-infrastructures for DRR. The active engagement of local communities, from data collection to implementing DRR strategies, is crucial for fostering trust and ensuring effective collective efforts in combating disasters.

b) Establish open and transparent communication mechanisms in DRR efforts and ensure timely and well-considered disaster communication for all stakeholders. Regularly updating the community on project progress, challenges, and future plans is essential for building and maintaining trust.

c) Secure sustainable funding and provide continuous capacity-building initiatives to strengthen communities’ involvement in DRR activities. Providing training, resources, and platforms for knowledge exchange can foster mutual trust and empower stakeholders to contribute
actively to disaster resilience efforts and adapt to evolving challenges.

Open collaboration with all potential stakeholders to ensure DRR management is based on mutual consensus within a harmonized open science infrastructure ecosystem by considering the following:

a) Identifying internal and external stakeholders (Lin & Abrahamsson, 2015) across diverse disaster scenarios is crucial for effective disaster management, as each community may have unique needs and perspectives during crises.

b) Developing tailored strategies based on open dialogues across societal actors to ensure that DRR collaboration is inclusive and well-informed, enhancing the resilience of all involved.

c) Fostering a collaborative open science ecosystem is essential for facilitating seamless collaboration among diverse stakeholders during disasters. This ecosystem should prioritize openness, accessibility, and inclusivity and enable stakeholders from various sectors to share data, resources, and best practices effectively.